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Mongodb 常见的查询语句及与 mysql 对比

mongo数据库的各种查询语句示例,罗列的还比较全,想从 mysql 丝滑的转到 mongodb 也是 so easy ~

上面是 mongodb 查询语句,下面是 sql 语句,对照着用,挺方便。

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db.users.find()
select * from users

db.users.find({"age" : 27})
select * from users where age = 27

db.users.find({"username" : "joe", "age" : 27})
select * from users where "username" = "joe" and age = 27

db.users.find({}, {"username" : 1, "email" : 1})
select username, email from users

db.users.find({"age" : {"$gte" : 18, "$lte" : 30}})
select * from users where age >=18 and age <= 30


db.users.find({"username" : {"$ne" : "joe"}})
select * from users where username <> "joe"

db.users.find({"ticket_no" : {"$in" : [725, 542, 390]}})
select * from users where ticket_no in (725, 542, 390)

db.users.find({"ticket_no" : {"$nin" : [725, 542, 390]}})
select * from users where ticket_no not in (725, 542, 390)

db.users.find({"$or" : [{"ticket_no" : 725}, {"winner" : true}]})
select * form users where ticket_no = 725 or winner = true

db.users.find({"id_num" : {"$mod" : [5, 1]}})
select * from users where (id_num mod 5) = 1

db.users.find({"$not": {"age" : 27}})
select * from users where not (age = 27)

// 如果直接通过find({"username" : null})进行查询,那么连带"没有username"的纪录一并筛选出来
db.users.find({"username" : {"$in" : [null], "$exists" : true}})
select * from users where username is null

// 正则查询,value是符合PCRE的表达式
db.users.find({"name" : /joey?/i})

// 对数组的查询, 字段fruit中,既包含"apple",又包含"banana"的纪录
db.food.find({fruit : {$all : ["apple", "banana"]}})

// 对数组的查询, 字段fruit中,第3个(从0开始)元素是peach的纪录
db.food.find({"fruit.2" : "peach"})

// 对数组的查询, 查询数组元素个数是3的记录,$size前面无法和其他的操作符复合使用
db.food.find({"fruit" : {"$size" : 3}})

// 对数组的查询,只返回数组comments中的前十条,还可以{"$slice" : -10}, {"$slice" : [23, 10]}; 分别返回最后10条,和中间10条
db.users.findOne(criteria, {"comments" : {"$slice" : 10}})

// 嵌套查询
db.people.find({"name.first" : "Joe", "name.last" : "Schmoe"})

// 嵌套查询,仅当嵌套的元素是数组时使用
db.blog.find({"comments" : {"$elemMatch" : {"author" : "joe", "score" : {"$gte" : 5}}}})

// 复杂的查询,$where当然是非常方便的,但效率低下。对于复杂查询,考虑的顺序应当是 正则 -> MapReduce -> $where
db.foo.find({"$where" : "this.x + this.y == 10"})

// $where可以支持javascript函数作为查询条件
db.foo.find({"$where" : "function() { return this.x + this.y == 10; }"})

// 返回第(10, 11]条,按"x"进行排序; 三个limit的顺序是任意的,应该尽量避免skip中使用large-number
db.foo.find().sort({"x" : 1}).limit(1).skip(10);